Bloedsomloop (2023-2024)

Praktisch

• 7 stp (oud curriculum)
• eerste semester
• biofysica (8u)
  • prof. Caus
  • handboek: Medical Physiology
• morfologie (15u)
  • prof. Verbrugghe
  • bloed
  • hart
  • vaatstelsel
• fysiologie (33u)
  • prof. Haemers
  • handboek: Medical Physiology
• werkzittingen
  • morfologie (2u)
  • fysiologie
    • ECG:
      • ECG afnemen: 1u
      • ritme: 2u
    • regeling circulatie
      • echo: 2u
      • BP regeling + adaptatie: 2u
• examen
  • 30 meerkeuze
    • tip: zoek formule achter vraag
  • 3 open vragen
    • 1 biofysica
      • vaak oefening uit herhalingsles
    • 1 morfologie
      • tekening
    • 1 fysiologie

Formularium

• flow $Q = F = \dfrac{dV}{dt} = Av$ [l/min or m3/s]
  • $CO = HR \cdot SV$
• kinematic viscosity: $\dfrac{\eta}{\rho}$
• $\Delta P = QR$
  • $MAP \approx MAP - CVP = CO \cdot SVR$
• $P_1 - P_2 = 0.5\rho(v_2^2 - v_1^2) + \ldots$
• $Re = \dfrac{2r \overline{v}\rho}{\eta}$
• $v(r) = \dfrac{\Delta P (r_i^2 - r^2)}{4\eta l}$
• $R_P=\dfrac{8\eta l}{\pi r_i^4}$
• $L = \dfrac{\rho l}{A}$
• $\Delta P = L \dfrac{dQ}{dt}$
• $C = \dfrac{\Delta V}{\Delta P}$
• $\gamma = - \dfrac{dv(r)}{dr} = \dfrac{\Delta P r}{2\eta l}$
• $\tau = \eta \gamma$
• $\tau_P = \dfrac{4\eta Q}{\pi r^3}$
• $\eta = \eta_{plasma} (1 + 2.5H)$
• $P_{capi} = \dfrac{R_{post} P_a + R_{pre} P_v}{R_{post} + R_{pre}}$
• $\varepsilon = \dfrac{L - L_0}{L_0}$
• $\sigma = \dfrac{F}{A}$
• $\sigma(t) = Y \varepsilon(t)$
• $T = (P_{tissue} - P_{intravascular}) r$
• $\sigma_{tube} = \dfrac{T}{w}$
• $\sigma_{sphere} = \dfrac{T}{2w}$
• $Q_{O_2} = V_{O_2} = F ([O_2]_a - [O_2]_v)$
• $D_{O_2} = F [O_2]_a$
• $ER = \dfrac{Q_{O_2}}{D_{O_2}} = \dfrac{[O_2]_a - [O_2]_v}{[O_2]_a} = 1 - SvO2$
• $\#O_2 = SaO_2 \times 1.35[Hb] + 0.003PaO_2$
• $RQ = \dfrac{Q_{CO_2}}{Q_{O_2}}$
• $J_x = P_x ([X]_c - [X]_{if})$
• $J_V = L_P [(P_c-P_{if})-\sigma(\pi_c - \pi_{if})] = \dfrac{F}{S_f}$
• $QTc_{Bazett} = \dfrac{QT}{\sqrt{RR}}$
• $SV = EDV - ESV$
• $EF = \dfrac{SV}{EDV} = \dfrac{EDV-ESV}{EDV}$
• $E = P \cdot V + 0.5mv^2 + kT\Delta t$
• $CO = \dfrac{Q_{O_2}}{CaO_2 - CvO_2} = \dfrac{Q_{O_2}}{1.34 Hb (SaO_2 - SvO_2)}$
• $MAP \approx MAP - CVP = CO \cdot SVR = HR \cdot SV \cdot SVR$
• $VR = f(RAP) = \dfrac{CVP - RAP}{R_v}$
• $CPP = MAP - ICP$

Glossary

• RBC: red blood cell
• WBC: white blood cell
• LL = LB:left leg
• RL = RB: right leg
• LA: left arm
• RA: right arm
• LA: left atrium
• RA: right atrium
• LV: left ventricle
• RV: right ventricle
• Ao: aorta
• IVC: vena cava inferior
• VCI: vena cava inferior
• SVC: vena cava superior
• VCS: vena cava superior
• PA: pulmonary artery
• PV: pulmonary vein
• SA: sino-atrial
• AV: atrio-ventricular
• CO: cardiac output = HD: hart debiet
• SVR: system vascular resistance
  • = TPR: total peripheral resistance
• PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance
• CVP: central venous BP (i.e, in vena cava)
• SV: stroke volume (slagvolume)
• ESV: end systolic volume
• EDV: end diastolic volume
• HR: heart rate
• PP: pulse pressure
• BP: blood pressure
• ABP: arterial BP
• MAP: mean arterial BP (95 mmHg)
• MPAP: mean pulmonary arterial BP
• SBP: systolic BP (120 mmHg)
• DBP: diastolic BP (80 mmHg)
• MBP: mean BP
• BPM: beat per minute
• STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction
• AP: action potential
• RAD: right axis deviation
• LAD: left (superior) axis deviation
• EAD: extreme right axis deviation (right superior quadrant)
• AED: automatic external defibrillator
• ECF: extracellular fluid
• RQ: respiratory quotient
• IF: interstitial fluid
• VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cells
• SaO2: O2 saturation (%) in arteries
• SvO2: O2 saturation (%) in veins
• CaO2: O2 concentration (ml/dl) in arteries
• CvO2: O2 concentration (ml/dl) in veins
• MSFP: mean systemic filling pressure (zonder hartfunctie)
• AVNRT: AV-nodal re-entry tachycardia
• ANS: autonomous nervous system
• NE: norepinephrine = noradrenaline
• BBB: blood brain barrier
• ICP: intracranial pressure
• CPP: cerebral perfusion pressure

Kengetallen

• $\eta_{water} = 0.01 P$
• $\eta_{plasma} = 0.015 P$
• $\eta_{blood} = 0.032 P = 0.0032 Pa.s$ (formularium)
• $r_{aorta} = 1.5 cm$
• $Re < 2200$?
• $RQ \approx 0.8$
• HR
  • HR < 60 brady
  • normaal
  • HR > 100 tachy
• CO
  • 5-6 l/min
  • 15% hersenen
  • 5% hart
  • 25% darmen
  • 20% nier
  • 20% spier
  • 5% huid
  • 10% ?
  • 100% lungs
  • inspanning: 85% spieren
• volume distribution
  • 84%: systemic
    • 14% in arteries
    • 6% in capillaries
    • 64% in veins
  • 9%: pulmonary
  • 7%: heart
• pressures (mmHg)
  • systemic
    • aorta: 95
    • arterioles: 60
    • capillaries: 25
    • venules: 15
    • veins: 3-15
  • pulmonary
    • artery: 15
    • capillaries: 10
    • veins: 5
• gasses: arteries -> veins
  • $\#O_2$: 20 ml/dl -> 15 ml/dl
  • $pO_2$: 95 mmHg -> 40 mmHg
  • $SO_2$: 97% -> 75%
  • $QO_2$ at rest: 3.5 ml/min/kg
  • $\#CO_2$: 48 ml/dl -> 52 ml/dl
  • $pCO_2$: 40 mmHg -> 46 mmHg
  • $QCO_2$ at rest: 2.8 ml/min/kg
• ECG
  • PR interval: 120 - 200 ms
  • QRS: < 100 ms
• EDV = 120 ml
• ESV = 50 ml
• SV = EDV - ESV = 70 ml
• ejectiefractie EF >= 55%
• druk (mmHg)
  • aorta: 95
  • PA: 15
  • sys capillairen: 25
  • pulm capillairen: 10